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Data-driven gated CT: An automated respiratory gating method to enable data-driven gated PET/CT.

Tinsu Pan1, M Allan Thomas1, Dershan Luo2

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Summary

A new automated data-driven gating CT method improves positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) accuracy by providing better attenuation correction. This technique enhances image quality and quantification, especially during irregular breathing.

Keywords:
DDG CTDDG PET/CTmisregistrationrespiratory motion

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) accuracy can be compromised by misregistered CT used for attenuation correction (AC).
  • Data-driven gating (DDG) in CT is increasingly used, highlighting the need for effective solutions for gated CT in PET/CT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel automated DDG CT method for improved PET/CT attenuation correction.
  • This method aims to provide average CT for baseline PET and DDG CT for DDG PET, enhancing quantification and localization.

Main Methods:

  • An automated DDG CT method was developed to generate end-expiratory (EE) and end-inspiratory (EI) phases from low-dose cine CT.
  • Respiratory phases were determined using lung Hounsfield unit (HU) values and body contours.
  • The proposed DDG CT was compared against commercial 4D CT and D4D CT methods in 38 patient datasets and 20 PET/CT studies.

Main Results:

  • DDG CT demonstrated higher consistency than D4D CT in selecting EE phase images compared to 4D CT (p < 0.0001).
  • No significant differences in mean lung HU and volumes were observed among the methods.
  • DDG CT showed improved attenuation correction for DDG PET and baseline PET, particularly in cases with irregular respiratory motion.

Conclusions:

  • A new automated DDG CT method effectively addresses misregistration and motion artifacts in PET/CT.
  • DDG CT is more robust than 4D CT and D4D CT, especially in challenging regions like the lower lung and upper diaphragm.
  • This method offers the advantages of 4D CT without requiring external gating devices, improving PET/CT accuracy.