Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): An Omics Perspective

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Nephrology
• Metabolomics

Background:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 10% of adults globally, often progressing silently.
• The gut microbiome is crucial for host metabolism and gut health.
• Altered gut microbiota and uremic toxins are implicated in CKD development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent omics studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) on the gut microbiome's role in CKD.
• To synthesize findings on the connection between gut microbial dysbiosis and kidney disease.

Main Methods:

• A PubMed literature review was conducted using keywords related to microbiome, kidney, and omics techniques.
• Studies published in the last 10 years focusing on CKD and the microbiome were selected.
• Analysis prioritized metabolomics studies, followed by proteomics and transcriptomics.

Main Results:

• Metabolomics was the most prevalent omics approach in CKD-microbiome research.
• Gut-derived uremic toxins contribute to kidney oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis.
• Specific bacterial changes in CKD include enrichment of Eggerthella lenta, Enterobacteriaceae, Clostridium spp. and depletion of Bacteroides eggerthii, Roseburia faecis, Prevotella spp.

Conclusions:

• Significant links exist between CKD and gut microbial dysbiosis.
• Gut microbial metabolites and altered bacterial species are associated with CKD.
• The gut microbiome represents a potential therapeutic target for preventing CKD progression.