Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Large-Scale Preparation of Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes by 3D Bioreactor Culture
09:48

Large-Scale Preparation of Synovial Fluid Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes by 3D Bioreactor Culture

Published on: July 26, 2022

4.6K

Exosomes in the Pathogenesis, Progression, and Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Yishu Fan1, Zhong Li2,3, Yuchen He4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Exosomes offer a promising new avenue for treating osteoarthritis (OA), a common joint disease. This review explores novel exosome origins and their potential to modify OA progression, moving beyond current palliative care.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with limited treatment options, necessitating new therapeutic strategies.
  • Current OA treatments are largely palliative and do not address disease modification or reversal.
  • Exosome-based therapies represent a promising frontier for developing disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review non-classic origins, biosynthesis, and extraction of exosomes for OA.
  • To describe exosome modification and delivery techniques for therapeutic applications in OA.
  • To explore the role of exosomes in OA pathogenesis and discuss their therapeutic potential and challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on exosomes in osteoarthritis.
  • Systematic summary of exosome origins, biogenesis, and isolation methods.
  • Analysis of exosome cargo, modification, and delivery strategies for OA treatment.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes, including those from non-classic sources beyond mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), play a role in OA.
  • Exosome cargoes can regulate intercellular communication and gene expression relevant to OA.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the therapeutic potential of exosomes in modifying OA progression.

Conclusions:

  • Exosome-based therapies hold significant promise for developing effective OA treatments.
  • Further research into exosome origins, modification, and delivery is crucial for clinical translation.
  • Overcoming current hurdles is essential for realizing the full therapeutic potential of exosomes in OA management.
Keywords:
cartilage injurychondrocyteexosomeextracellular vesicleosteoarthritisregenerative medicine

More Related Videos

Labeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Monitoring Migration and Uptake in Cartilage Explants07:58

Labeling of Extracellular Vesicles for Monitoring Migration and Uptake in Cartilage Explants

Published on: October 4, 2021

2.7K
An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model of Cartilage Remodeling in Bovine Knee Explants07:10

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model of Cartilage Remodeling in Bovine Knee Explants

Published on: November 3, 2019

9.5K

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.9K
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
5.1K
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.3K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
9.4K