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Pattern differentiation and tuning shift in human sensory cortex underlie long-term threat memory.

Yuqi You1, Lucas R Novak1, Kevin J Clancy1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|March 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

New research reveals the sensory cortex, specifically the olfactory cortex, plays a key role in long-term threat memory in humans. This sensory system is crucial for threat perception and may be overactive in anxiety.

Keywords:
acquired associative representationsensory mechanisms of threat and anxietythreat memorythreat perceptionthreat processingthreat representationthreat-related sensory cortical plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The amygdala-prefrontal-cortex circuit is traditionally viewed as central to threat processing.
  • Emerging evidence suggests sensory cortices are critical for long-term threat memory, particularly in nonhuman models.
  • Mechanistic insights linking human sensory cortex to threat memory are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate human olfactory threat conditioning and long-term threat memory.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying threat memory in the sensory cortex.
  • To examine the role of the olfactory cortex in threat perception and anxiety.

Main Methods:

  • Human olfactory threat conditioning and 9-day memory assessment.
  • Combined affective appraisal, olfactory psychophysics, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Utilized a linear odor-morphing continuum and representational similarity analysis (RSA).

Main Results:

  • Confirmed affective and perceptual learning and memory through conditioning.
  • Demonstrated associative plasticity in the human olfactory cortex, including pattern differentiation and tuning shifts.
  • Observed heightened and lasting plasticity in anxious individuals, correlating with anxiety levels.

Conclusions:

  • Supports an evolutionarily conserved sensory cortical system for long-term threat representation.
  • Highlights the role of sensory cortical plasticity in threat perception and memory.
  • Suggests hyperfunctioning of this sensory mnemonic system in anxiety points to a novel anxiety mechanism.