Fluorescence labelled XT5 modified nano-capsules enable highly sensitive myeloma cells detection

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Cancer Research

Background:

• Accurate early diagnosis of cancer cells is crucial for effective therapeutic strategies.
• Myeloma cancer cells overexpress protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1).
• XT5 molecules exhibit high affinity for PAR1, making them suitable for targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop fluorescence-conjugated polymer nanocapsules (NCs) with high selectivity for myeloma cancer cells.
• To functionalize NCs with XT5 molecules for targeted delivery to PAR1-overexpressing myeloma cells.
• To characterize the synthesized NCs and evaluate their targeting efficacy and cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

• Conjugation of XT5 molecules to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH via esterification.
• Encapsulation of poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) conjugated polymer (CP) within DSPE-PEG2000-COO-XT5 to form CPDP-XT5 NCs.
• Characterization using FT-IR, 1H NMR, SEM, UV-vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy.
• Evaluation of cytotoxicity via MTT assay and targeting specificity using fluorescence microscopy on RPMI 8226 myeloma cell lines.

Main Results:

• Successful conjugation of XT5 to DSPE-PEG2000-COOH confirmed by spectroscopic analysis.
• CPDP-XT5 NCs exhibited desired morphological, optical, and fluorescence properties.
• MTT assay confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of the XT5 conjugation.
• Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated significantly higher affinity of CPDP-XT5 NCs for myeloma cells compared to XT5-free NCs.
• Molecular docking simulations supported the binding affinity of XT5 to PAR1.

Conclusions:

• Developed fluorescence-conjugated polymer nanocapsules (CPDP-XT5 NCs) demonstrate high selectivity for myeloma cancer cells.
• The XT5 functionalization enables targeted delivery to PAR1-overexpressing cancer cells.
• These NCs hold potential for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of myeloma.