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Orofacial Muscle Strength across the Dysarthrias.

Heather M Clark1, Joseph R Duffy1, Edythe A Strand1

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|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Orofacial muscle weakness is common in flaccid and spastic dysarthria but not ataxic dysarthria. Strength deficits vary by dysarthria type and correlate with severity in affected groups.

Keywords:
assessmentdysarthriaorofacial strength

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Neurology
  • Motor Speech Disorders

Background:

  • Dysarthria, a motor speech disorder, affects speech clarity due to impaired muscle control.
  • Orofacial muscle strength is crucial for articulation and speech production.
  • Understanding the relationship between dysarthria type and orofacial weakness is important for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare orofacial muscle strength in individuals with different types of dysarthria and healthy controls.
  • To examine the correlation between orofacial muscle strength and the severity of dysarthria.
  • To determine if specific types of dysarthria are associated with orofacial weakness.

Main Methods:

  • Maximal pressure generation (Pmax) of the tongue, lips, and cheeks was measured in 79 speakers with various dysarthria types and 33 healthy controls.
  • Participants included individuals with flaccid, spastic, mixed spastic-flaccid, ataxic, or hypokinetic dysarthria.
  • Statistical analyses compared strength measures across groups and correlated them with dysarthria severity.

Main Results:

  • Speakers with mixed spastic-flaccid dysarthria showed lower tongue and lip strength.
  • Reduced anterior tongue elevation and lip compression were observed in flaccid and spastic dysarthria groups.
  • Hypokinetic dysarthria group exhibited lower anterior tongue elevation and cheek compression.
  • Ataxic dysarthria group showed no significant difference in orofacial strength compared to controls.
  • Correlations between dysarthria severity and orofacial weakness were generally weak but stronger in groups with more pronounced weakness.

Conclusions:

  • Orofacial weakness is associated with flaccid and spastic types of dysarthria, supporting existing predictions.
  • Ataxic dysarthria does not appear to involve significant orofacial muscle weakness.
  • The type of dysarthria is a relevant factor when assessing orofacial weakness in motor speech disorders.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering dysarthria classification in clinical evaluations and treatment planning.