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Canine Spermatozoa-Predictability of Cryotolerance
Sabine Schäfer-Somi1, Martina Colombo2, Gaia Cecilia Luvoni2
1Department for Small Animals and Horses, Platform for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|March 25, 2022
Summary
Selecting canine semen for freezing is challenging. Current methods focus on sperm function, metabolism, and DNA integrity, moving beyond older techniques for better freezability prediction.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Reproduction
- Sperm Biology
- Canine Semen Analysis
Background:
- Assessing semen freezability is crucial for canine reproduction, but progress lags behind other species like bulls and horses.
- Practicality is key, as many labs lack advanced equipment like computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA), and canine ejaculates are small.
- Traditional markers focusing on single components are insufficient for canine semen.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate current and potential markers for canine semen freezability.
- To identify the most effective combination of practical and advanced tests for selecting high-quality canine semen for cryopreservation.
- To explore future directions in canine sperm cryopreservation research.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on canine semen freezability markers.
- Evaluation of methods based on practicality, sample volume, and technological accessibility.
- Analysis of modern markers including cell functionality, energy metabolism, kinetic/morphometric parameters (via CASA), and DNA integrity.
Main Results:
- Modern canine semen assessment focuses on cell function, energy metabolism, motility patterns (using CASA), and DNA integrity, rather than just membrane or seminal plasma components.
- Currently recommended methods include CASA with kinetic subgroup analysis, JC-1 staining, and COMET assay or toluidine blue staining.
- Cell volumetry and other functional tests warrant further investigation.
Conclusions:
- The combination of CASA, JC-1 staining, and DNA integrity assays (COMET or toluidine blue) appears most promising for assessing canine semen freezability.
- Further research into spermatozoa energy metabolism may uncover novel predictive markers.
- Improving the selection of canine semen for freezing requires a multi-faceted approach considering various functional and structural parameters.
