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Gastric Cancer: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches
Sangjoon Choi1, Sujin Park1, Hyunjin Kim1,2
1Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
Abstract:
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most common deadly malignancies worldwide. Recently, several targeted therapeutics for treating unresectable or metastatic GC have been developed. Comprehensive characterization of the molecular profile and of the tumor immune microenvironment of GC has allowed researchers to explore promising biomarkers for GC treatment and has enabled a new paradigm in precision-targeted immunotherapy. In this article, we review established and promising new biomarkers relevant in GC, with a focus on their clinical implications, diagnostic methods, and the efficacy of targeted agents.
Insights
Gastric cancer (GC) treatment is advancing with new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. This review covers key biomarkers, their clinical use, and diagnostic methods for personalized gastric cancer care.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
- Advances in understanding GC's molecular profile and tumor immune microenvironment are crucial.
- Targeted therapeutics and immunotherapies offer new treatment avenues for advanced GC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review established and emerging biomarkers for gastric cancer.
- To focus on the clinical implications and diagnostic methods of these biomarkers.
- To evaluate the efficacy of targeted agents and immunotherapies in GC.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on GC biomarkers.
- Analysis of clinical trial data for targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
- Synthesis of information on diagnostic techniques for biomarker assessment.
Main Results:
- Identified key molecular and immune biomarkers with prognostic and predictive value in GC.
- Highlighted the role of these biomarkers in guiding precision-targeted therapy selection.
- Discussed the diagnostic methodologies for assessing biomarker status in GC patients.
Conclusions:
- Biomarker-driven precision medicine is transforming GC treatment paradigms.
- Comprehensive molecular and immune profiling is essential for optimizing therapy.
- Continued research into novel biomarkers will further improve patient outcomes in gastric cancer.
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