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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.01:25

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

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Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
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Common Variable Immunodeficiency in Elderly Patients: A Long-Term Clinical Experience.

Maria Giovanna Danieli1,2, Cristina Mezzanotte3, Jacopo Umberto Verga4,5

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60126 Ancona, Italy.

Biomedicines
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in older adults is underreported. Elderly CVID patients show higher autoimmune disease rates, with neoplasia becoming the most prevalent complication during follow-up.

Keywords:
autoimmunitybiologicscancerclinical phenotypescommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID)elderlygeneticsimmunoglobulininborn errors of immunityinfectionsprecision medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary antibody deficiency typically diagnosed in young to middle-aged adults.
  • Limited data exists regarding the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of CVID in elderly populations.
  • Understanding CVID phenotypes in older individuals is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical phenotypes of elderly patients diagnosed with CVID.
  • To compare the clinical manifestations and complications of CVID in older (≥65 years) versus younger (<65 years) adult patients.
  • To identify differences in disease progression and prevalent comorbidities between age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of adult CVID patients at a Referral Centre.
  • Comparison of clinical data between two groups: older patients (≥65 years at diagnosis) and younger patients (<65 years).
  • Data included clinical manifestations at diagnosis, incidence of autoimmune diseases, enteropathy, neoplasia, and treatment outcomes over a median follow-up of 8.5 years.

Main Results:

  • Recurrent infections were the primary manifestation in both younger (61%) and older (69%) CVID patients at diagnosis.
  • Elderly patients exhibited a higher incidence of autoimmune diseases (30%) compared to younger patients (18%).
  • During follow-up, neoplasia emerged as the most prevalent complication in the elderly (38%), while autoimmune disorders and enteropathy increased in younger patients.

Conclusions:

  • CVID in the elderly is rare, with distinct clinical characteristics and complications.
  • Neoplasia is a significant concern in older CVID patients, necessitating vigilant monitoring.
  • Immunoglobulin replacement therapy, including 20% SCIg, is safe and well-tolerated in elderly CVID patients, similar to younger individuals.