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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

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Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Tumor Progression

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors

Published on: February 25, 2020

Assessing the Future of Solid Tumor Immunotherapy.

Prajna Guha^1,2, Kara R Heatherton¹, Kyle P O'Connell¹

¹Roger Williams Medical Center, Immuno-Oncology Institute, Providence, RI 02908, USA.

|March 25, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer immunotherapy has improved patient outcomes, particularly with CAR T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, challenges remain in solid tumors, necessitating new strategies to overcome barriers like the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

Keywords:

CAR-NK CAR-T On-target-off-tumor-toxicity adoptive cell therapy cytokine release syndrome immune checkpoint inhibitors myeloid derived suppressor cells single chain variable fragment (scFv)tumor microenvironment

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Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized patient care, improving survival and quality of life.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (targeting PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4) show significant success in hematological malignancies and some solid tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the successes of cancer immunotherapy, including CAR T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
To identify and propose strategies for overcoming barriers limiting immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on cancer immunotherapy.
Analysis of challenges in solid tumor treatment, including immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), inefficient trafficking, and tumor antigen heterogeneity.
Discussion of physical barriers like high intra-tumoral pressure.

Main Results:

CAR T-cell therapies targeting CD19 and BCMA are FDA-approved for hematological malignancies.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate therapeutic potential in various tumor types, including refractory cases.
Significant barriers impede immunotherapy success in solid tumors, including TME, trafficking, antigen heterogeneity, and intra-tumoral pressure.

Conclusions:

Despite advancements, solid tumors present unique challenges for immunotherapy.
Novel approaches are needed to overcome immunological and physical barriers for improved solid tumor treatment outcomes.