Study of Orofacial Function in Preschool Children Born Prematurely

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Developmental Biology
• Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

• Premature birth can lead to long-term health issues, including orofacial dysfunction.
• Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing developmental challenges in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate and compare the orofacial functions, including chewing and swallowing, of preschool-aged children born prematurely versus full-term.
• To identify specific orofacial challenges associated with premature birth.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 243 children (3-5 years old) was assessed using the Nordic Orofacial Test Screening.
• The study included 101 preterm and 142 full-term children.
• Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and univariate analysis of variance.

Main Results:

• Term-born children exhibited a higher incidence of detrimental oral habits like teeth grinding and abnormal gulping.
• Preterm-born children demonstrated a greater prevalence of choking, limited mouth opening (<30 mm), abnormal dental arch form, abnormal palatal vault, and dysarthria.

Conclusions:

• Preterm birth is associated with distinct orofacial functional deficits, including impaired chewing, swallowing, and speech.
• Specific orofacial characteristics such as decreased mouth opening and dysarthria are more prevalent in preterm children, necessitating targeted interventions.