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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

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Plasmon Tuning of Liquid Gallium Nanoparticles through Surface Anodization.

Chih-Yao Chen1, Ching-Yun Chien1, Chih-Ming Wang2

  • 1Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli 320, Taiwan.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
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Researchers developed tunable plasmonic liquid gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) using surface anodizing. Electrochemical anodization induced shape deformation and nanoscale dimples, significantly shifting the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength for efficient optical tuning.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Plasmonics

Background:

  • Plasmonic nanoparticles offer unique optical properties.
  • Tuning localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is crucial for optical applications.
  • Liquid gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) present a tunable platform.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare tunable plasmonic liquid gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs).
  • To investigate the effect of electrochemical anodization on Ga NP shape and LSPR.
  • To establish an efficient method for tuning LSPR response.

Main Methods:

  • Surface anodizing of liquid gallium nanoparticles.
  • Electrochemical anodization to induce shape deformation and surface texturing.
  • Optical characterization of LSPR shifts.
Keywords:
liquid gallium nanoparticleshape deformationsurface anodizationtunable plasmon resonance

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  • Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations.

    • Main Results:

    • Anodic oxide shell formation stabilized deformed Ga NP shapes with dimpled surface topographies.
    • Nanoscale dimples induced significant LSPR wavelength shifts.
    • A maximal LSPR red-shift of approximately 77 nm was achieved at 0.7 V anodization voltage.
    • LSPR tunability was primarily governed by particle shape, not oxide shell thickness.
    • Deformation and LSPR tuning were achieved rapidly (~7 s).

    Conclusions:

    • Electrochemical surface anodizing is an effective method for tuning the LSPR of liquid gallium nanoparticles.
    • Shape deformation and nanoscale surface textures are key to achieving LSPR shifts.
    • This rapid and efficient method enables precise control over the optical properties of Ga NPs.