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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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Pulmonary Complications after COVID-19.

Petr Jakubec1,2, Kateřina Fišerová3, Samuel Genzor1,2

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 25, 2022
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Long-term COVID-19 complications lead to hospitalization, often for respiratory infections like pneumonia. Some patients experience non-respiratory issues, particularly those hospitalized sooner after initial infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses long-term health risks beyond acute infection.
  • Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection require ongoing medical attention.
  • Understanding delayed complications is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons for hospitalization in patients presenting more than 28 days after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.
  • To analyze the characteristics of patients hospitalized for ongoing versus post-COVID conditions.
  • To identify common complications and mortality rates in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 98 patients hospitalized ≥29 days post-SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity.
  • Categorization into ongoing-COVID (5-11 weeks) and post-COVID (≥12 weeks) groups.
  • Analysis of hospitalization reasons, complications, and in-hospital mortality.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory tract infections, primarily pneumonia (77.2%), were the most common hospitalization reason (58.2%).
  • Other causes included interstitial lung disease (22.4%) and pulmonary embolism (8.2%).
  • Patients hospitalized sooner (ongoing-COVID) had more non-respiratory complications; overall in-hospital mortality was 5.1%.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed hospitalizations post-COVID-19 are frequently driven by respiratory complications, especially pneumonia.
  • Distinct patterns of complications exist between ongoing and later post-COVID phases.
  • Significant in-hospital mortality underscores the severity of long-term COVID-19 sequelae.