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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

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[Perinatal maternal suicide: How to prevent?]

M-N Vacheron1, R Dugravier2, V Tessier3

  • 1Psychiatrie, psychiatrie et neurosciences, GHU Paris, secteur adulte pôle 14, 75014 Paris, France.

L'Encephale
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Suicide is a leading cause of maternal death in France, accounting for 13.4% of cases. Improved screening, multidisciplinary care, and mental health support are crucial for preventing these tragic deaths.

Keywords:
Alert symptomsConsultation préconceptionnelleFacteurs de risquesGrossessePreconception counsellingPregnancyRisk factorsSuicideSymptômes d’alerte

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry
  • Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background:

  • Maternal mortality remains a critical public health concern globally.
  • The sixth report of the National Confidential Survey on Maternal Deaths in France (2013-2015) provides updated data on causes and preventability.
  • Suicide has emerged as a significant, yet often overlooked, cause of maternal death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the frequency, risk factors, causes, care adequacy, and preventability of maternal deaths in France between 2013 and 2015.
  • To specifically investigate the circumstances and contributing factors of maternal suicides.
  • To identify key areas for improving care and prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Exhaustive identification and confidential analysis of maternal deaths occurring during pregnancy or up to one year postpartum.
  • Information collection by volunteer assessors including medical history, pregnancy course, and circumstances of death.
  • Review and classification by a National Committee of Experts, including psychiatrists, to determine cause, care adequacy, and preventability.

Main Results:

  • Suicide was the second leading cause of maternal death (13.4%), with 35 cases over the triennium.
  • Maternal suicides occurred primarily postpartum (77% between 43 days and 1 year after birth).
  • Suboptimal care (72% of cases) was linked to lack of multidisciplinary management and poor patient-system interaction, with 91% of preventable deaths attributed to these factors.

Conclusions:

  • Suicide is a major preventable cause of maternal mortality, necessitating enhanced mental health screening and support.
  • Improved multidisciplinary management, early detection of psychiatric issues, and better coordination between healthcare providers are essential.
  • Recommendations include structured psychiatric history screening, early postnatal assessments, and integrated medico-psycho-social support systems.