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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis
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Coverage of microplastic data underreporting and progress toward standardization.

Fermín Pérez-Guevara1, Priyadarsi D Roy2, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy3

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

The Science of the Total Environment
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microplastic data is underreported due to extraction and analysis challenges, especially for smaller particles. Improving methods is crucial for accurate environmental and health impact assessments.

Keywords:
Density separationDigestionFTIRNile redRamanStandardization

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Microplastic analysis is increasing globally across diverse environmental samples.
  • Current data on microplastic abundance and impacts are often incomplete or underestimated.
  • Variability in extraction and analysis methods contributes to underreporting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key factors contributing to the underreporting of microplastic data.
  • To assess the impact of methodological limitations on microplastic quantification.
  • To provide recommendations for improving microplastic data accuracy and standardization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on microplastic analysis.
  • Critical evaluation of factors affecting microplastic recovery efficiency.
  • Analysis of the influence of filter pore size and detection limits on data.

Main Results:

  • Significant underreporting of microplastic abundance and characteristics was identified.
  • Factors include partial evaluation, economic constraints, and low recovery efficiency.
  • Smaller microplastic particles (1-300 μm) are disproportionately underreported.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological inconsistencies lead to underestimation of microplastic pollution.
  • Smaller microplastics, posing greater risks, are particularly affected by underreporting.
  • Standardized methodologies are essential for accurate risk assessment and environmental management.