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Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
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Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula01:29

Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula

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Oxygen therapy is critical to patient care, especially for those struggling with respiratory issues. This intervention increases the oxygen concentration in the lungs, enhancing the amount of oxygen transported to the body's tissues. One standard method of delivering supplemental oxygen is through a nasal cannula, a non-invasive device that provides low to medium oxygen concentrations.
Nasal Cannulas
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split into two prongs placed in the nostrils,...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
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Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

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Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
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High-flow nasal OXYGEN therapy.

Sebastiano Mercadante1, Claudio Adile2, Patrizia Ferrera2

  • 1Main regional center of cancer pain and supportive/palliative care, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy terapiadeldolore@lamaddalenanet.it.

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) provided temporary relief for hypoxemic patients in palliative care. While initially improving symptoms, prolonged use led to deterioration, necessitating palliative sedation for most, though one patient recovered.

Keywords:
CancerDyspnoeaHospice careHospital careLungTerminal care

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care Medicine
  • Respiratory Therapy

Background:

  • Hypoxic dyspnea is a common symptom in palliative care, significantly impacting patient quality of life.
  • Conventional oxygen therapies may be insufficient for severe hypoxemia in end-of-life care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and impact of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in a palliative care setting.
  • To explore HFNT as a treatment option for hypoxemic patients nearing the end of life or with reversible causes of dyspnea.

Main Methods:

  • A case series involving five hypoxemic patients receiving HFNT in a palliative care unit over one year.
  • HFNT was administered to patients experiencing severe hypoxemia, either in their final days or for potentially reversible conditions.

Main Results:

  • Four patients experienced initial improvement in dyspnea and oxygen saturation for 2-3 days with HFNT.
  • These four patients subsequently deteriorated within 48-72 hours, requiring palliative sedation.
  • One patient with pulmonary embolism and pneumonia showed successful treatment with HFNT and was discharged.

Conclusions:

  • HFNT may offer temporary relief for severely hypoxemic palliative care patients unresponsive to standard treatments.
  • The study highlights the ethical and psychological considerations of end-of-life care, especially for caregivers.
  • Further research is recommended to investigate early HFNT use, potentially with reduced opioid dosages or as an alternative.