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[Biomarkers in testicular cancer.]
Javier Mayor-de-Castro1, Juan Aragón-Chamizo1, Jorge Caño-Velasco1
1Servicio de Urología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid. España.
Objective:
To review the current situationof biomarkers used in the diagnosis, prognosis,treatment response and relapse of testicular cancer.
Methods:
A non systematic review was performedof clinical guidelines and articles published within thelast years regarding biomarkers in testicular cancer.
Results:
The most commonly used biomarkersare alphafetoprotein (AFP) and beta human corionicgonadotropin (β-HCG).The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is presentin multiple tissues and is elevated in advancedgerminal tumors. A few micro molecules of RNA (micro-RNA) have demonstrated to be specifically elevatedin testicular germinal tumors. However, its clincalbenefit, as well as its standardization is currently underinvestigation.
Conclusions:
Classic biomarkers AFP, β-HCG,and LDH are of some utility confirming the diagnosisif they are elevated. However, its limited sensibility isnot enough to rely the diagnosis on themselves. Thereare promising results with Micro-RNA but its daily usedoes not seem imminent.
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