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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Operational and Intervention Effects of Targeted Tuina in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Rabbits
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[Spinal manipulation therapy in low back pain : Why? When? Where? How?]

Hermann Locher1

  • 1Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Lindauerstr. 16, 88069, Tettnang, Deutschland. derlocher@gmx.de.

Der Orthopade
|March 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Manual mobilization (MM) effectively treats acute and chronic low back pain, offering pain relief and functional recovery. It is a safe and effective therapy when administered by trained specialists.

Keywords:
DysfuncionLumbagoLumbar manipulationLumbar regionPain

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Area of Science:

  • Evidence-based medicine
  • Manual medicine
  • Musculoskeletal disorders

Background:

  • Low back pain (LBP) management requires an evidence-based approach.
  • Understanding mechanisms, indications, efficacy, and safety is crucial.
  • Differentiating LBP entities guides treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an evidence-based overview of manipulation and mobilization (MM) for low back pain.
  • To detail the mechanisms, indications, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, user criteria, and adverse effects of MM.
  • To reframe LBP classification using "entities" rather than "specific" or "non-specific".

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on MM for LBP.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Evaluation of user criteria and adverse event profiles.

Main Results:

  • MM demonstrates efficacy in pain relief, functional recovery, and relapse prevention for acute and chronic LBP.
  • MM is as effective as other therapies but carries a lower risk profile.
  • MM can be used as standalone treatment for acute LBP or as part of multimodal therapy for chronic LBP.
  • MM application requires specialized training and adherence to Good Clinical Practice.

Conclusions:

  • Manual mobilization is a safe and effective treatment for low back pain.
  • MM offers significant benefits for pain and function with minimal risk.
  • Proper training and adherence to guidelines ensure the safe application of MM for low back pain.