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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma.

Cornelia Amalinei1, Adriana Grigoraș1, Ludmila Lozneanu1

  • 1Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

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Malignant melanoma is an unpredictable skin cancer with increasing incidence. Understanding its complex hallmarks, including cancer stem cells and tumor microenvironment, is key to developing novel therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma incidence is rising globally.
  • Melanoma presents diverse clinicopathological features and locations.
  • Despite advances, melanoma remains unpredictable with poor outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update knowledge on melanoma's clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks.
  • To explore melanoma heterogeneity, plasticity, and cancer stem cells.
  • To review the role of tumor microenvironment and associated factors in melanoma progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies.
  • Analysis of cellular interactions and secreted products in melanoma.
  • Investigation of tumor microenvironment, inflammasome, adipose tissue, extracellular vesicles, and microbiota influences.

Main Results:

  • Melanoma exhibits significant heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells.
  • Interplay between cellular components and secretions drives tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, and therapy resistance.
  • Tumor microenvironment, including inflammasome, adipose tissue, extracellular vesicles, and microbiota, impacts diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding melanoma's unique features is crucial for developing innovative and tailored therapies.
  • Targeting cellular interactions and the tumor microenvironment offers potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into melanoma's complex biology may improve patient outcomes.