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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

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Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Malunion of the Tibia: A Systematic Review.

Ishan Patel1, Jacob Young2, Austen Washington1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48187, USA.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Tibial malunions, fractures healed in poor positions, cause pain and gait issues. Surgical correction, tailored to each patient, effectively restores alignment and improves outcomes.

Keywords:
approachmalunionoutcomespilonplateaushafttibiatibial

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Tibial malunions are fractures healed in unacceptable positions, causing deformity.
  • These deformities lead to pain, gait disturbance, and post-traumatic arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review surgical management options for tibial malunions.
  • To detail strategies for managing these complex cases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review on PubMed using "Tibial" OR "Tibia" AND "Malunion".
  • Included studies focused on adult human subjects published in English.
  • Analyzed 26 articles covering 242 patients.

Main Results:

  • Various surgical techniques were used, including osteotomies, plates, screws, external fixators, intramedullary nails, and total knee arthroplasty.
  • Restoring alignment and articular surface integrity resulted in positive patient outcomes.
  • 19 out of 242 patients experienced complications.

Conclusions:

  • Tibial malunions present diverse deformities requiring individualized surgical plans.
  • Recommended diagnostic parameters include 5-10° angulation, 1-2 cm shortening, 10-15° internal rotation, and 10-20° external rotation.
  • Customized surgical approaches achieve excellent clinical outcomes for tibial malunion correction.