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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

4.3K
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps01:19

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

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The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury.  The nails must be short and clean, without nail...
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Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps01:15

Handwashing III: During the Procedure and Post-Procedure Steps

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To wash hands properly, follow these steps:
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Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment01:18

Handwashing I: Introduction and Types of Equipment

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Handwashing is hand hygiene with plain or antimicrobial soap and water to physically remove dirt, organic material, and microorganisms. However, it may not kill all microorganisms. The handwashing procedure requires a hand wash basin, liquid soap, paper towels, a domestic waste bin, and disposable nail cleaner as optional equipment.
Hand wash basins in clinical areas should have faucets that can be turned on and off without using the hands; that is, they should be non-touch or lever-operated....
4.5K
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

5.4K
Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Solubility03:00

Solubility

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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens
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A Method to Test the Efficacy of Handwashing for the Removal of Emerging Infectious Pathogens

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Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets.

Dalibor Mijaljica1, Fabrizio Spada1, Ian P Harrison1

  • 1Department of Scientific Affairs, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside, VIC 3195, Australia.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding skin cleansers is key for healthy skin. Synthetic detergents (syndets) maintain skin integrity better than traditional soaps, which can disrupt the skin barrier.

Keywords:
capacitychargecleanseringredientmildnesspHskinsoapsurfactantsyndet

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Skin cleansing products utilize surfactant action to remove dirt by reducing surface tension.
  • Two main types of skin cleansers exist: soap-based and synthetic detergents (syndets).
  • Soap-based cleansers can disrupt the skin barrier, alter pH, and dissolve lipids, while syndets are gentler on skin structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the science behind skin cleansers, focusing on surfactant properties.
  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of soap-based cleansers versus syndets.
  • To inform formulators and consumers about selecting optimal skin cleansers for healthy skin and managing conditions like eczema.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of surfactant physicochemical properties.
  • Evaluation of biological activities and potential effects of different surfactant types.
  • Comparative assessment of skin barrier integrity, lipid dissolution, and pH alteration between soap and syndet formulations.

Main Results:

  • Soap-based cleansers negatively impact skin by disrupting the barrier, dissolving lipids, and altering pH.
  • Synthetic detergents (syndets) are more effective at maintaining the skin's native structure, function, and integrity.
  • Despite potential drawbacks, soaps remain popular due to perceptions of being 'natural'.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing surfactant characteristics is crucial for developing effective and mild skin cleansers.
  • Tailored surfactant formulations can lead to cleansers that are highly effective, gentle, and environmentally friendly.
  • A deeper scientific understanding of surfactants benefits both product development and consumer choice in skincare.