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Shape-Memory Composites Based on Ionic Elastomers.

Antonio González-Jiménez1, Pilar Bernal-Ortega2, Fernando M Salamanca3

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos University, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed soft shape-memory elastomers using ionic and covalent crosslinking. Adding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) enhanced shape-memory properties and enabled electrical conductivity for faster, cleaner shape recovery via Joule heating.

Keywords:
MWCNTXNBRionic elastomersshape-memory effectshape-memory elastomerssmart rubberssoft polymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Shape-memory polymers typically exhibit rigid behavior at ambient temperatures, limiting their application.
  • Developing soft shape-memory elastomers that retain flexibility below their activation temperature is crucial for broader use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create soft shape-memory elastomers by crosslinking commercial rubber with ionic and covalent bonds.
  • To investigate the effect of fillers, specifically carbon black and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), on the properties of these elastomers.
  • To enable electrical conductivity for alternative shape-memory activation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Composite materials were synthesized using a commercial rubber crosslinked by both ionic and covalent bonds.
  • The influence of varying concentrations of carbon black and MWCNTs as fillers was examined.
  • Shape-memory properties, including fixing and recovery ratios, were quantified.
  • Electrical conductivity measurements were performed.
  • Shape-memory effect activation using electrical current (Joule heating) was tested.

Main Results:

  • Composites maintained elastomeric behavior below their ionic transition temperature.
  • Incorporation of MWCNTs, particularly above 10 phr, significantly enhanced shape-memory properties, achieving over 90% fixing and recovery ratios.
  • MWCNT addition led to a substantial increase in electrical conductivity, from approximately 10^-11 S·cm^-1 to 10^-4 S·cm^-1.
  • The enhanced conductivity enabled shape-memory activation via Joule heating with a 50 V current source, providing a fast and clean stimulus.

Conclusions:

  • Soft shape-memory elastomers with tunable properties can be achieved through dual ionic/covalent crosslinking.
  • MWCNTs are effective fillers for enhancing both shape-memory performance and electrical conductivity in these elastomers.
  • The developed composites offer a promising pathway for electrically activated shape-memory materials.