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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of an Enhanced Protocol for Rapid and Accurate Isolation of Campylobacter from Food Products
Published on: February 23, 2024
Cryptic Prophages Contribution for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Introgression
Luís Tanoeiro1, Mónica Oleastro2, Alexandra Nunes3
1Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
New prophages, CCIE1 and CCIE2, were identified in Campylobacter coli, homologous to C. jejuni integrated elements. These phages may drive interspecies introgression, impacting Campylobacter evolution and host ecology between animals and humans.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Genomics
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Campylobacter coli and C. jejuni cause campylobacteriosis and undergo genetic introgression.
- The role of phages in these interspecies genetic exchanges is not well understood.
- Three prophages (CJIE1, CJIE2, CJIE4) are known in C. jejuni.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize novel prophages in C. coli.
- To investigate the role of prophages in Campylobacter introgression events.
- To understand the evolutionary impact of phages on C. jejuni and C. coli.
Main Methods:
- Bioinformatic identification of prophages in C. coli genomes.
- Induction assays to determine prophage inducibility.
- Phylogenetic analysis of prophage sequences across 840 Campylobacter genomes.
- Analysis of isolate origins (human vs. nonhuman).
Main Results:
- Two new prophages, CCIE1 and CCIE2, were identified in C. coli, homologous to CJIE1 and CJIE2.
- CCIE1 and CCIE2 were not inducible, while CJIE1 and CJIE2 showed inducibility.
- Phylogenetic analysis revealed three main prophage groups (CJIE1-CCIE1, CJIE2-CCIE2, CJIE4) that segregated by species but not by host origin (human/nonhuman).
- Bacteriophage host-jumps were observed, suggesting prophage involvement in introgression.
Conclusions:
- CCIE1 and CCIE2 are novel prophages in C. coli.
- Prophages are implicated in modulating hybridization and introgression between C. jejuni and C. coli.
- Phage-mediated genetic exchange likely facilitates the flow of genetic material between animal and human Campylobacter populations in agricultural settings.
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