Simultaneous EEG-fMRI: What Have We Learned and What Does the Future Hold?

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have matured over 25 years.
• Significant technical and analytical advancements have been achieved.
• Combining EEG and fMRI offers unique advantages for brain research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the principles of EEG and fMRI measurement.
• To discuss the advantages and challenges of combining EEG-fMRI.
• To overview current and emerging applications of EEG-fMRI.

Main Methods:

• Introduction to EEG and fMRI measurement principles.
• Discussion of technical integration challenges.
• Review of scientific literature on EEG-fMRI applications.

Main Results:

• EEG-fMRI is a mature technique with substantial contributions.
• Technical and analytical progress has been considerable.
• Diverse research fields benefit from combined EEG-fMRI.

Conclusions:

• Simultaneous EEG-fMRI is a powerful tool for neuroscience.
• Ongoing advancements continue to expand its applications.
• The technique provides valuable insights into brain function and disorders.