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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

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The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
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Spine-like Joint Link Mechanism to Design Wearable Assistive Devices.

Jung-Yeong Kim1,2, Jung-San Cho1,2, Jin-Hyeon Kim2

  • 1Robotics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejon 34113, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel spine-like joint mechanism for wearable assistive devices. This innovation enhances wearer mobility and prevents injuries by allowing natural joint movement and adjustable support.

Keywords:
exoskeleton componentspine-like joint link mechanismthoracic/lumbar spine assistive devicewearable assistive device

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Rehabilitation Technology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Conventional wearable assistive devices often oversimplify joint movement, leading to restricted motion and potential injuries.
  • Existing designs may not adequately address the complex degrees of freedom in human joint articulation.
  • Comfort and support are critical yet challenging aspects in the development of assistive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel joint link mechanism inspired by the human spine for wearable assistive devices.
  • To enhance wearer mobility and comfort while mitigating injury risks.
  • To develop an adjustable support system for actions like sit-to-stand transitions in aged individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a spine-like joint link mechanism using concatenated hemispherical blocks.
  • Integration of flexible synthetic fiber lines to allow adjustable concatenation stiffness via tensile force.
  • Experimental validation using a testbed and a pilot wearer study.

Main Results:

  • The proposed mechanism allows for full joint freedom, preventing misalignment and increasing wearer mobility.
  • Adjustable concatenation stiffness provides tailored support for specific actions, such as sit-to-stand.
  • Experimental results confirmed the mechanism's efficacy as a key component for improved wearable assistive devices.

Conclusions:

  • The spine-like joint link mechanism offers a promising solution for enhancing the design of wearable assistive devices.
  • This novel approach addresses limitations in conventional designs by prioritizing natural movement and adaptable support.
  • The technology has significant potential for improving the quality of life for individuals requiring assistive support, particularly the elderly.