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Protein Complex Assembly

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types. Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing

Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: October 16, 2018

Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.

Grigoriy Lerner¹, Nicholas Weaver¹, Boris Anokhin¹

¹Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.

|March 26, 2022

Summary

Recent discoveries reveal key steps in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle assembly. Structural studies show how immature Gag lattices mature into the viral capsid, highlighting inositol hexakisphosphate's (IP6) crucial role.

Keywords:

Env trafficking Gag protein RNA packaging capsid protein envelope glycoprotein inositol hexakisphosphate matrix protein maturation nucleocapsid protein

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Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

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Determining 3'-Termini and Sequences of Nascent Single-Stranded Viral DNA Molecules during HIV-1 Reverse Transcription in Infected Cells

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Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Structure of HIV-1 Capsid Assemblies by Cryo-electron Microscopy and Iterative Helical Real-space Reconstruction

Published on: August 9, 2011

Area of Science:

Virology
Structural Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

HIV-1 particle assembly is a complex, dynamic process occurring at the host cell plasma membrane.
Recent advances have significantly improved understanding of HIV-1 assembly, budding, and release mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the HIV-1 particle assembly process.
To highlight recent discoveries and structural insights.
To identify areas for future research in HIV-1 assembly.

Main Methods:

Review of recent structural studies.
Analysis of molecular interactions during assembly.
Investigation of the role of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6).

Main Results:

Elucidation of the structural transition from immature Gag lattice to mature viral capsid.
Identification of IP6's critical role in both immature and mature Gag lattice assembly.
Revelation of the structural basis for selective genomic RNA packaging into virions.

Conclusions:

The assembly and maturation of HIV-1 are intricate processes governed by specific molecular interactions.
Inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is essential for Gag lattice formation and viral capsid structure.
Further research is needed to fully understand remaining questions in HIV-1 assembly and maturation.