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Updated: Sep 29, 2025
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Published on: December 4, 2015
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Swine Norovirus: Past, Present, and Future
Lara Cavicchio1, Andrea Laconi2, Alessandra Piccirillo2
1Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVE), Viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy.
Viruses
|March 26, 2022
Summary
Swine norovirus is globally distributed and can infect humans, posing a zoonotic risk. This review examines swine norovirus prevalence, genotypes, and detection challenges.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Public Health Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
Background:
- Norovirus causes significant global gastroenteritis burden in humans.
- Swine norovirus has been detected worldwide since the 1990s.
- The presence of human-associated norovirus genotypes in swine raises zoonotic concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the geographic distribution and prevalence of swine norovirus.
- To characterize norovirus genotypes found in swine populations.
- To identify challenges in detecting and characterizing swine noroviruses.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of published studies on swine norovirus.
- Analysis of geographic distribution, detection years, and prevalence data.
- Genotype characterization and discussion of detection bottlenecks.
Main Results:
- Swine norovirus is geographically widespread, with varying prevalence across continents and production groups.
- Genotype characterization reveals both swine-specific and potentially zoonotic strains, like GII.4.
- Detection and characterization are hindered by technical and logistical challenges.
Conclusions:
- Swine can act as a reservoir for noroviruses with zoonotic potential.
- Further research is needed to understand transmission dynamics and improve surveillance.
- Addressing detection bottlenecks is crucial for effective monitoring and control.
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