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Related Concept Videos

Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Samantha Shave1, Christina Botti2, Kelvin Kwong1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 10 Plum Street, 8th Floor, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early detection of congenital sensorineural hearing loss is crucial for development. Comprehensive genetic and cytomegalovirus testing helps identify causes, guiding tailored interventions for better outcomes.

Keywords:
ChildrenCongenital hearing lossDiagnosisPediatric hearing lossReviewSensorineural hearing lossTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Audiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) is common, with diverse etiologies.
  • Early detection and intervention are vital for language and cognitive development in affected children.
  • Advancements in genetic understanding necessitate a targeted approach to diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of comprehensive genetic evaluation and cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing in diagnosing CSNHL.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized management strategies based on the identified cause and onset of hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CSNHL diagnosis and management.
  • Emphasis on genetic testing and CMV screening as primary diagnostic tools.
  • Discussion of audiological assessments and intervention modalities.

Main Results:

  • Genetic factors and CMV are significant contributors to CSNHL.
  • An indiscriminate workup approach is outdated.
  • Timely diagnosis facilitates appropriate management.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive genetic evaluation and CMV testing are essential for identifying CSNHL causes.
  • Management should be personalized, considering the age of onset and detection.
  • Interventions include audiology, speech therapy, and hearing technologies.