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Stridor in the Infant Patient.

Habib G Zalzal¹, George H Zalzal¹

¹Division of Otolaryngology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue, Northwest, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America

|March 26, 2022

Summary

Stridor, a respiratory distress sound in infants, is often caused by laryngomalacia. Most cases resolve by age two, but severe cases may require supraglottoplasty for symptom resolution.

Keywords:

Congenital laryngomalacia Laryngomalacia Pediatric airway Stridor Supraglottoplasty

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Published on: July 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Pediatric Otolaryngology
Neonatal Respiratory Disorders

Background:

Stridor presents as a high-pitched noise due to turbulent airflow, often indicating respiratory distress in infants.
Evaluation of the upper airway is crucial for diagnosing stridor, with severe cases necessitating assessment under anesthesia.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the diagnostic considerations for infant stridor.
To describe the management and treatment options for stridor based on obstruction location, patient age, and symptom severity.

Main Methods:

Differential diagnosis of stridor based on clinical presentation.
Review of conservative management strategies for laryngomalacia.
Evaluation of surgical intervention (supraglottoplasty) for refractory or severe stridor.

Main Results:

Laryngomalacia is the most frequent cause of stridor in infants.
Conservative management leads to symptom resolution by age two in the majority of patients.
Supraglottoplasty effectively resolves stridor in children with persistent or severe disease.

Conclusions:

Stridor diagnosis in infants requires a systematic approach considering anatomical location and clinical acuity.
While many infant stridor cases resolve spontaneously, surgical intervention like supraglottoplasty offers a definitive solution for severe or persistent conditions.