Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER01:29

Protein Folding Quality Check in the RER

4.0K
ER is the primary site for the maturation and folding of soluble and transmembrane secretory proteins. The calnexin cycle is a specific chaperone system that folds and assesses the confirmation of N-glycosylated proteins before they can exit the ER lumen. The primary players of this quality check pipeline are the lectins, ER-resident chaperones, and a glucosyl transferase enzyme. In case the calnexin system in the lumen fails to salvage a misfolded protein, it is transported to the cytoplasm...
4.0K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

2.6K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.6K
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

2.5K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
2.5K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

8.7K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.7K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

2.9K
2.9K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.1K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A glycan-based adjuvant expands the breadth and duration of protection of mRNA-based vaccines.

Nature immunology·2026
Same author

Complement activation beyond the traditional cascades: extracellular to intracellular signaling network.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology·2026
Same author

C-Reactive Protein Induces Immunosuppression by Activating FcγR2B in Pulmonary Macrophages to Promote Lung Metastasis.

Cancer research·2024
Same author

C-Reactive Protein: The Most Familiar Stranger.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2023
Same author

Regulation of Conformational Changes in C-reactive Protein Alters its Bioactivity.

Cell biochemistry and biophysics·2022
Same author

Identification of potential matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitors from natural products through advanced machine learning-based cheminformatics approaches.

Molecular diversity·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules
10:58

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules

Published on: July 25, 2013

17.2K

Secretory quality control constrains functional selection-associated protein structure innovation.

Bin Cheng1, Jian-Min Lv2, Yu-Lin Liang1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.

Communications Biology
|March 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Protein evolution is shaped by structural constraints, not just function. C-reactive protein (CRP) maintains conserved functions despite varying expression levels, revealing hidden activities in its unfolded state.

More Related Videos

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.6K
Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

30.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 29, 2025

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules
10:58

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules

Published on: July 25, 2013

17.2K
An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis
09:37

An Integrated Approach for Microprotein Identification and Sequence Analysis

Published on: July 12, 2022

3.6K
Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

30.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Biophysical models indicate structural constraints significantly influence protein evolution.
  • Protein expression levels and structure-dependent activities dictate in vivo functions.
  • Selection often favors structural properties like foldability and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conserved in vivo functions of C-reactive protein (CRP) despite significant interspecies differences in its expression levels.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying the apparent mismatch between CRP levels and function.
  • To determine if conserved native structure or alternative conformations drive CRP's conserved functions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and functions across different species.
  • Investigation of structure-associated activities of both native and unfolded CRP conformations.
  • Examination of the role of folding determinants in mediating functional selection and secretion quality control.

Main Results:

  • C-reactive protein (CRP) exhibits conserved in vivo functions across species, irrespective of up to two orders of magnitude differences in its expression levels.
  • The conserved functions are not attributable to the native structure but are linked to hidden activities of the unfolded, activated CRP conformation.
  • Functional selection is mediated by folding determinants, ensuring a stable carrier structure for secretion, rather than direct selection on structural constraints like foldability.

Conclusions:

  • A level-function mismatch in C-reactive protein (CRP) evolution is explained by selection acting on hidden activities of its unfolded state, coupled with stringent secretion quality control.
  • Folding determinants play a crucial role in maintaining protein structure for secretion, influencing functional selection.
  • A folding threshold model may offer insights into the relationship between protein sequence, structure, and function, addressing the vast sequence space versus limited structure space paradox.