Histone post-translational modifications - cause and consequence of genome function
Gonzalo Millán-Zambrano1,2, Adam Burton3, Andrew J Bannister4
1Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
Nature Reviews. Genetics
|March 26, 2022
Summary
Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate genome function by instructing or recording DNA-templated processes. Recent advances reveal their direct and indirect roles in gene regulation and genomic architecture.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Epigenetics
- Genomics
Background:
- Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been studied since the 1960s.
- Recent advances include new PTM types, genome-wide mapping, and controlled PTM deposition/removal.
- Vast data across biological systems are available.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the contribution of histone PTMs to genome function regulation.
- To discuss whether PTMs play a causative or consequential role in DNA-templated processes.
- To present advances showing PTMs exert direct and indirect effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of histone PTM research.
- Analysis of genome-wide mapping data.
- Discussion of experimental methods for PTM manipulation.
Main Results:
- Histone PTMs are crucial for regulating DNA-templated processes.
- PTMs can be instructive, guiding processes, or consequential, recording events.
- PTMs influence transcription, recombination, replication, DNA repair, and genomic architecture.
Conclusions:
- Histone PTMs play a dual role in genome regulation.
- Understanding PTMs' causative vs. consequential roles is key.
- PTMs exert both direct and indirect effects on genome function.
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