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Updated: Sep 29, 2025
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The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
Published on: November 19, 2008
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Risk factors for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in cases of severe acidosis: A case-control study
Perrine Lorain1, Alexandra Bower2, Elsa Gottardi1
1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Trousseau Hospital - Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|March 26, 2022
Summary
Obstetric factors like acute events, maternal fever, and thick meconium increase the risk of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns with birth asphyxia. Identifying these factors is crucial for preventing HIE.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious birth complication.
- Asphyxia at birth is a primary cause of HIE.
- Identifying obstetric risk factors is essential for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify obstetric risk factors for HIE in infants experiencing birth asphyxia.
- To analyze maternal, gestational, intrapartum, and neonatal characteristics associated with HIE.
Main Methods:
- Multicenter case-control study over 5 years (2014-2018).
- Included newborns ≥36 weeks gestation with umbilical pH ≤7.0.
- Matched cases (moderate/severe HIE) with controls (no HIE) and performed multivariable analysis.
Main Results:
- 41 cases and 98 controls were identified.
- HIE cases had lower 5-min Apgar scores and higher cord lactate levels.
- Obstetric factors linked to HIE: acute event (aOR 6.4), maternal fever (aOR 3.5), thick meconium (aOR 2.9).
Conclusions:
- HIE is associated with low 5-min Apgar scores and acidosis severity.
- Acute obstetric events, maternal fever, and thick meconium are independent risk factors for HIE in newborns with pH <7.0.
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