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Using a reduced-order model to investigate the effect of the heart rate on the aortic dissection
Hamed Keramati1,2, Erik Birgersson3, Sangho Kim1,2
1Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Insights
Researchers developed an efficient zero-dimensional (0D) model for aortic dissection, enabling analysis of heart rate effects on blood flow. This model accurately predicts hemodynamic changes, crucial for understanding this cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Computational Fluid Dynamics
- Medical Simulation
Background:
- Three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations of aortic dissection are computationally expensive.
- This high cost limits the investigation of heart rate's impact on hemodynamics in diseased aortas.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a computationally efficient zero-dimensional (0D) model for simulating blood flow in a dissected aorta.
- To investigate the effect of varying heart rates (50-150 bpm) on hemodynamic quantities.
Main Methods:
- A systematic procedure was used to create a 0D model for a dissected aorta.
- Numerical experiments determined resistance, inertance, and compliance values for each lumen.
- The 0D model was validated against 3D FSI simulations.
Main Results:
- The 0D model demonstrated acceptable accuracy compared to 3D FSI simulations (e.g., 7.18% relative error in true lumen flow rate).
- Flow rate in the true lumen showed a significant dependency on heart rate (300%), while the false lumen showed minimal change (1.5%).
- The pressure difference between lumina increased non-monotonically with faster heart rates.
Conclusions:
- The developed 0D model is an efficient and accurate tool for analyzing hemodynamics in aortic dissection.
- This approach facilitates uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for diseased aortas with complex geometries.
- The model's efficiency allows for broader investigation into cardiovascular disease parameters.
Abstract:
The computational cost of a three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation of a dissected aorta has prevented researchers from investigating the effect of a wide range of the heart rate on the hemodynamic quantities in the disease. We have presented a systematic procedure to develop a zero-dimensional (0D) model for a dissected aorta. A series of numerical experiments were used to calculate the values for the resistance, inertance, and compliance of each lumen with irregular geometries. Having validated the results from the 0D model against those from the 3D model for one heart rate, we used the 0D model to investigate the effect of the heart rate of 50-150 bpm on the flow rates and the pressures in an idealized geometry of an aortic dissection. The 0D model showed acceptable accuracy when compared with the 3D FSI simulation. For instance, at peak systole, 7.18% relative error in the flow rate in the true lumen was observed for 0D and 3D simulations. The flow rate in the true lumen showed a stronger dependency on the heart rate, that is, 300% for the true lumen and 1.5% for the false lumen. The pressure difference between the lumina increased non-monotonically as the heart beats faster. Because of its efficiency, the reported procedure can be used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the hemodynamic quantities in a diseased aorta with complex geometries such as that of the aortic dissection.
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