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Structural and functional changes of normal aging skin.

N A Fenske, C W Lober

    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
    |October 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Intrinsic skin aging causes significant structural and functional changes in the elderly, distinct from sun damage. These changes impact skin health, appearance, and protective functions, affecting wound healing and thermoregulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Gerontology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Intrinsic aging causes profound structural and functional skin changes in the elderly.
    • These age-related changes are often misattributed to environmental factors like sun exposure.
    • Understanding intrinsic aging is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment in older individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate the structural and functional alterations of the skin due to intrinsic aging.
    • To differentiate intrinsic aging effects from extrinsic factors like solar damage.
    • To highlight the clinical implications of intrinsic skin aging.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on intrinsic skin aging.
    • Analysis of structural changes in epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

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  • Evaluation of functional changes in skin appendages and immune responses.

    • Main Results:

    • Epidermal thinning, reduced melanocytes and Langerhans cells, flattened dermoepidermal interface.
    • Dermal atrophy, altered collagen and elastin, diminished subcutaneous fat in specific areas.
    • Reduced eccrine and apocrine glands, altered sebaceous gland output, thinned nails, reduced hair follicle density.
    • Decreased epidermal growth rate, delayed wound healing, impaired immune response, compromised vascular responsiveness.
    • Clinical correlates include alopecia, xerosis, increased neoplasm risk, and thermoregulatory disturbances.

    Conclusions:

    • Intrinsic aging significantly alters skin structure and function independently of environmental damage.
    • These changes predispose the elderly to various dermatological issues and affect overall health.
    • Distinguishing intrinsic aging from extrinsic factors is vital for geriatric dermatology.