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Regenerative therapy by using mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes in COVID-19 treatment. The potential role and

Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad1,2, Ali Mahmoudi3,2, Elahe Mahdipour3

  • 1Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Regenerative Therapy
|March 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and their exosomes offer new therapeutic potential for COVID-19. These nanoparticles may mitigate disease by reducing inflammation and modulating the immune response, bypassing the ACE2 receptor.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global pandemic with high transmission and mortality.
  • The virus utilizes the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, present on many host cells, leading to immune dysfunction and multi-organ failure.
  • Current treatments lack specificity, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the therapeutic potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and their exosomes in treating COVID-19.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of exosome-mediated therapeutic effects.
  • To investigate how MSC-derived exosomes can overcome ACE2 receptor dependency.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on MSCs, exosomes, and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of the biological properties of exosomes, including their cargo and paracrine effects.
  • Examination of the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions of MSC-derived exosomes.

Main Results:

  • MSCs lack ACE2 receptor expression, making them a potential therapeutic alternative.
  • MSC-derived exosomes mediate therapeutic effects primarily through paracrine signaling.
  • Exosomes possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties beneficial for COVID-19 treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes derived from MSCs represent a promising cell-free therapeutic approach for COVID-19.
  • Their ability to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation offers a novel treatment avenue.
  • Further research into exosome-based therapies is warranted for managing COVID-19.

Keywords:
COVID-19ExosomesMesenchymal stem cellsMulti-organ failure

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