Variability in urinary concentrations of primary aromatic amines.
Sridhar Chinthakindi1, Kurunthachalam Kannan2
1Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
The Science of the Total Environment
|March 28, 2022
Summary
Human exposure to primary aromatic amines (AAs) is concerning. This study measured urinary AA levels over five weeks, finding moderate variability and significant gender/ethnicity differences, but low daily intakes.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Primary aromatic amines (AAs) are chemicals with known carcinogenic potential, frequently found in consumer products.
- Human exposure to AAs is a significant public health concern.
- Understanding the temporal variability of urinary AA concentrations is crucial for accurate exposure assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the concentrations and temporal variability of 30 AAs in urine samples.
- To investigate potential sources of AA exposure and correlations with oxidative stress biomarkers.
- To assess human exposure levels relative to tolerable daily intakes.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal collection of 213 first morning void (FMV) urine samples over five weeks from 15 participants.
- Quantification of 30 AAs, nicotine, and cotinine using analytical techniques.
- Statistical analysis including intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Spearman's correlations.
Main Results:
- Eight AAs were detected in 68-100% of samples, with aniline and 2,6-dimethylaniline being predominant.
- Urinary AA concentrations exhibited moderate to poor temporal predictability (ICCs 0.248-0.697), except for 4-chloroaniline.
- Significant gender and ethnicity variations were observed in total AA concentrations; exposure sources were unrelated to tobacco smoke.
Conclusions:
- Urinary AA concentrations show considerable within- and between-individual variability, complicating exposure assessment.
- Observed AA exposure levels were substantially lower than established tolerable daily intakes.
- Further research is needed to elucidate specific exposure sources and long-term health implications.
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