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Randomized clinical trial of an oscillating air mattress in preterm infants: effect on apnea, growth, and development
Insights
Oscillating air mattresses do not reduce apnea of prematurity or improve growth and neurobehavioral development in preterm infants. This study found no prophylactic benefits or enhancements in development for infants using these specialized mattresses.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Apnea of prematurity is a common concern in preterm infants.
- Claims suggest oscillating mattresses may mitigate apnea and enhance development.
- Evidence supporting these claims requires rigorous investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of oscillating air mattresses in reducing apnea of prematurity.
- To assess the impact of oscillating mattresses on infant growth.
- To determine effects on neurobehavioral development in preterm infants.
Main Methods:
- Randomized clinical trial with preterm infants (750-1750 gm birth weight).
- Comparison between conventional mattress and oscillating air mattress (14-16 pulses/min).
- Assessment of apneic episodes, growth, and neurobehavioral outcomes up to 12 months.
Main Results:
- No significant difference in apneic episodes requiring treatment between groups.
- Similar weight gain and energy intake observed in both groups.
- Neurobehavioral development and incidence of neurologic abnormalities were comparable.
Conclusions:
- Oscillating air mattresses offer no prophylactic value for apnea of prematurity.
- These mattresses do not enhance growth or neurobehavioral development in preterm infants.
- The study refutes claims regarding the benefits of oscillating mattresses for preterm infant care.
Abstract:
To investigate claims that oscillating mattresses reduce apnea of prematurity and improve growth and neurobehavioural development, we performed a randomized clinical trial using a predetermined sample size. Preterm infants weighing from 750 to 1750 gm at birth were randomly assigned, by 250 gm strata, to either a conventional mattress (n = 63) or to an air mattress (n = 59) oscillating at 14 to 16 regular pulses per minute. Infants remained on the oscillating air mattress for at least 7 days or until 34 weeks postmenstrual age. Apneic episodes occurred and required treatment equally in the two groups; this lack of an effect was seen for both sexes and all weight groups. Both weight and energy intake were similar. Neurobehavioral development as shown by sleep state, habituation testing, and behavioral assessment at term, 3, 6, and 12 months was similar in the two groups. There was no difference in the incidence of neurologic abnormalities. We conclude that an oscillating air mattress has no prophylactic value in reducing apnea and does not enhance growth and development.