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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Community heritability predicts evolutionary change when selection acts at the community level. This study demonstrates that community-level selection can drive evolutionary responses in ecological communities.

Keywords:
community evolutioncommunity heritabilitycommunity selection

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Community Ecology
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • A central question in evolutionary biology is whether selection can operate above the individual level, driving evolutionary change in ecological communities.
  • Understanding multi-level selection is crucial for comprehending biological organization and evolutionary processes.
  • Community heritability () is a potential metric to assess the role of selection on community phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if broad-sense community heritability () can predict evolutionary responses of community-level phenotypes under imposed community-level selection.
  • To investigate the role of community-level selection in driving evolutionary change in arthropod communities associated with *Populus angustifolia* genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a quantitative genetics approach with three years of common garden data from 102 arthropod species associated with nine *Populus angustifolia* genotypes.
  • Imposed community-level selection by manipulating nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) scores, reflecting arthropod species richness, abundance, and composition.
  • Tested predictions regarding the change in average community phenotype, the predictive power of , and the effect of random community-level selection.

Main Results:

  • Imposing community-level selection resulted in a significant change in the average phenotype of arthropod communities.
  • Community heritability () successfully predicted the magnitude of the community-level evolutionary response.
  • Random community-level selection did not lead to significant changes in average NMDS scores, supporting the directional selection hypothesis.

Conclusions:

  • Estimates of community heritability () effectively account for shared ancestry, community persistence, and the outcomes of community-level selection.
  • The study provides a framework for investigating large-scale community evolutionary change driven by multi-level selection.
  • Identified conditions under which selection routinely operates at the community level, advancing the understanding of evolutionary processes in ecological systems.