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[Ten questions about eosinophilic myocarditis].

Linda Pagura1, Massimo Imazio2, Marco Merlo3

  • 1Cardiologia, Ospedale Universitario Santa Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine - Scuola di Specialità in Malattie Cardiovascolari, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste.

Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
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Eosinophilic myocarditis, a rare heart inflammation, presents varied symptoms and is often caused by drug reactions or infections. Diagnosis requires endomyocardial biopsy, with corticosteroids being the primary treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Eosinophilic myocarditis is a rare myocardial inflammation characterized by eosinophil infiltration.
  • It can manifest with diverse clinical presentations, from asymptomatic cases to fulminant heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide comprehensive answers on the causes, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of eosinophilic myocarditis.
  • To review current understanding and management strategies for this rare cardiac condition.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes information from existing literature on eosinophilic myocarditis.
  • Key diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed based on current evidence.

Main Results:

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  • Common causes include drug hypersensitivity, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and infections (often parasitic).
  • Diagnosis relies on endomyocardial biopsy, with corticosteroids as the cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Endoventricular thrombosis is a frequent complication, necessitating anticoagulation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Eosinophilic myocarditis requires a high index of suspicion for timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
    • Effective treatment, primarily corticosteroids, can improve outcomes, but complications like thrombosis must be addressed.