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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
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The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Studying the Cytoskeleton01:17

Studying the Cytoskeleton

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The cytoskeletal architecture can be studied using different microscopic and biochemical techniques. Electron microscopy was instrumental in discovering the cytoskeletal architecture around the 1960s, which allowed obtaining structural information at a high-resolution level. However, the sample preparation procedure often limits this ability in biological samples. Several protocols have been developed over the years to optimize sample preparation. In one of the protocols known as rotary...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Quantification of Endosome and Lysosome Motilities in Cultured Neurons Using Fluorescent Probes
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Quantification of Endosome and Lysosome Motilities in Cultured Neurons Using Fluorescent Probes

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Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function.

Duarte C Barral1, Leopoldo Staiano2,3, Cláudia Guimas Almeida1

  • 1CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lysosomes, once thought only degradative, are now known to be vital for nutrient sensing, signaling, and metabolism. This review details methods for studying lysosome function, positioning, and motility to advance cell biology research.

Keywords:
TFEBendolysosomeslysosomal storage diseaseslysosome biogenesislysosome exocytosislysosome-related organelleslysosomesmTORmembrane contact sites

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Organelle Biology

Background:

  • Lysosomes, discovered over 70 years ago, were traditionally viewed solely as degradative organelles.
  • Recent research reveals lysosomes are crucial for cellular functions including nutrient sensing, intracellular signaling, and metabolism.
  • Technological advancements have been instrumental in understanding lysosome biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methodologies for analyzing lysosome morphology, positioning, motility, and function.
  • To discuss the principles, strategies, advantages, and limitations of these analytical methods.
  • To provide guidance on accurate lysosome identification and functional assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lysosome morphology using advanced imaging techniques.
  • Assessment of lysosome positioning and motility within the cell.
  • Functional assays to determine lysosome roles in cellular processes.
  • Methodological strategies for accurate lysosome identification and characterization.

Main Results:

  • A comprehensive overview of current techniques for lysosome research.
  • Highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of various analytical approaches.
  • Guidance on best practices to ensure accurate data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological advancements are key to understanding the multifaceted roles of lysosomes.
  • Accurate assessment of lysosome characteristics and functions is crucial for reliable research.
  • This review aims to enhance the quality and quantity of lysosome research, fostering new discoveries.