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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Supramolecular Polymerization at Interfaces.

Bo Qin1, Jiang-Fei Xu1, Xi Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Supramolecular polymerization is now controllable at interfaces, moving beyond solution-based methods. This advance enables the creation of advanced supramolecular polymers with tailored properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Supramolecular polymers are gaining interest in science and industry.
  • Current methods primarily use homogeneous solutions, posing control challenges.
  • Spontaneous polymerization in solutions limits controlled fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize progress in supramolecular polymerization at interfaces.
  • To highlight advantages of interfacial methods over solution-based approaches.
  • To discuss challenges and opportunities in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Combining supramolecular polymerization with interfacial polymerization.
  • Investigating solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interfaces.
  • Reviewing recent advancements and their benefits.

Main Results:

  • Supramolecular polymerization can be effectively transferred to interfaces.
  • Interfacial methods offer controlled production of supramolecular polymers.
  • Diverse architectures and functions are achievable.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular polymerization at interfaces presents a promising controlled fabrication route.
  • This approach facilitates the development of advanced polymeric materials.
  • Further research can inspire new material designs and applications.