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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.4K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
19.4K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.8K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

27.6K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
27.6K
Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

20.8K
Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,...
20.8K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

12.4K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
12.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.1K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.1K

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Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
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Composition-dependent ordering transformations in Pt-Fe nanoalloys.

Xiaobo Chen1,2, Siming Zhang3, Can Li4

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding nanoscale alloy ordering is challenging. This study reveals microscopic processes in platinum-iron nanoalloys, highlighting surface-bulk interplay and composition effects on ordering transformations.

Keywords:
Pt–Fe nanoparticlesalloy compositionchemical orderingin situ electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding microscopic processes in ordering transformations is difficult, especially for nanoscale alloys.
  • The high surface-area-to-volume ratio in nanoalloys introduces unique ordering dynamics and surface-bulk kinetic interplay.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct evidence of microscopic processes governing ordering transformations in platinum-iron (Pt-Fe) nanoalloys.
  • To investigate how alloy composition and chemical stimuli influence these ordering phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • In-situ characterization techniques to observe dynamic ordering processes at the nanoscale.
  • Analysis of surface-bulk interplay during ordering transformations.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence of microscopic ordering processes controlled by surface-bulk interplay in Pt-Fe nanoalloys.
  • Observed new ordering features influenced by variations in alloy composition.
  • Demonstrated the impact of chemical stimuli on the ordering transformation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides mechanistic details of ordering transformation phenomena in nanoalloys.
  • These findings are relevant to multicomponent materials undergoing chemical ordering under environmental bias.