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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
Purpose and Procedure
Patients undergoing this procedure ingest a liquid containing barium sulfate with a chalky...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
247
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
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Upper Esophageal Dysphagia.

Neil N Chheda1

  • 1Division of Laryngology, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, 1345 Center Drive, PO Box 100264, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|March 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Esophageal dysphagia, often presenting as food impaction, typically results from anatomic changes. Diagnosis involves imaging or endoscopy, with endoscopic treatment common for symptomatic cases.

Keywords:
Cricopharyngeal hyperfunctionEsophageal dysphagiaStrictureZenker diverticulum

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Esophageal dysphagia can manifest acutely (e.g., food impaction) or progressively.
  • Anatomic abnormalities are common causes of esophageal dysphagia.
  • Upper esophageal dysphagia involves the hypopharynx, including the upper esophageal sphincter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of upper esophageal dysphagia.
  • To differentiate upper esophageal dysphagia from other forms.
  • To highlight common etiologies such as strictures, cricopharyngeal hyperfunction, and Zenker diverticulum.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on patient history, imaging studies, and endoscopic evaluation.
  • Treatment strategies, including endoscopic interventions, are discussed.
  • The anatomical boundary for upper esophageal dysphagia is defined.

Main Results:

  • History may suggest dysphagia, but definitive diagnosis requires objective studies.
  • Endoscopic procedures are frequently employed for treatment.
  • Asymptomatic cases warrant observation.

Conclusions:

  • Upper esophageal dysphagia stems from various anatomic causes.
  • Accurate diagnosis through imaging and endoscopy is crucial.
  • Management ranges from observation to endoscopic treatment based on symptoms.