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Sports, Myocarditis and COVID-19: Diagnostics, Prevention and Return-to-play Strategies

Thomas Schmidt1,2, Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens2, Jonas Zacher2

  • 1Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Schüchtermann-Klinik Bad Rothenfelde, Bad Rothenfelde, Germany.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|March 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Myocarditis, or heart muscle inflammation, is a key cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes. This review covers its causes, diagnosis, and the importance of avoiding intense sports during recovery, especially post-COVID-19.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Myocarditis, non-ischemic myocardial inflammation, is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death in athletes.
  • Accurate diagnosis remains challenging, often leading to undetected conditions.
  • While many acute cases resolve favorably, some patients face risks of arrhythmias or dilated cardiomyopathy.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on myocarditis in athletes, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • It summarizes potential causes, common symptoms, and diagnostic strategies.
  • The role of temporary cessation of intensive sports for prevention and therapy is discussed.

Key Points:

  • COVID-19 has heightened concerns regarding myocarditis in athletes.
  • Risk stratification and return-to-play protocols are crucial for managing affected athletes.
  • Specific follow-up diagnostics are recommended, even after COVID-19 infection.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding myocarditis in athletes is vital for preventing adverse cardiac events.
  • Tailored return-to-play guidelines are essential for safe athletic participation post-myocarditis.
  • Continued research and monitoring are necessary, particularly in the context of viral infections like COVID-19.

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