Malignant struma ovarii: Case report of an unusual ovarian tumor with CT imaging

Struma ovarii is categorised as a monodermal type of mature teratoma and consists primarily of thyroid tissue. It is an uncommon ovarian tumor, with non-specific clinical, and imaging findings. The majority of struma ovarii are benign and are typically associated with mature cystic teratomas. A small proportion of struma ovarii may undergo malignant transformation, with papillary carcinoma the most common type of malignancy. The criteria used to identify a malignant change in struma ovarii are identical to those used to evaluate the thyroid gland. Nevertheless, due to the rarity of struma ovarii, imaging diagnostic criteria, and subsequent management are not clearly defined. This case report describes a 41-year-old female patient who presented with rapid abdominal enlargement over a period of 1 month, accompanied by elevation of the tumor marker CA-125. Based on these clinically findings, ovarian cancer was suspected. The patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathology results revealed a malignant struma ovarii.