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A Rarely Reported Case of Enterococcus faecalis Bacteremia Causing Infective Endocarditis and Osteomyelitis
Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda1, Vishal R Dhulipala2,3, Monika Karki1
1Internal Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, USA.
Insights
This case highlights a rare instance of Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis complicated by osteomyelitis in a 63-year-old male. The patient successfully underwent aortic valve replacement following diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Infective endocarditis (IE) involves heart valve or endocardium infection, often from bloodstream pathogens.
- Enterococci, common gut flora, can cause serious infections like IE, particularly in elderly patients.
- Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis is uncommon, and its complication with osteomyelitis is exceedingly rare.
Observation:
- A 63-year-old male with prior cardiac arrest and medical device placements presented with back pain.
- Magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis, while transthoracic echocardiography showed aortic valve vegetations.
- Blood cultures confirmed Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia.
Findings:
- The patient had a rare combination of E. faecalis infective endocarditis and osteomyelitis.
- Repeat echocardiography demonstrated vegetation growth, necessitating intervention.
- Surgical intervention included bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of considering Enterococcus faecalis in complex IE cases, especially with contiguous spread.
- Prompt diagnosis and surgical management are crucial for favorable outcomes in such rare presentations.
- Further research into risk factors and treatment strategies for E. faecalis IE with osteomyelitis is warranted.
Abstract:
Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart valves or endocardium, usually due to the spread of infection through the blood. It can cause a varied range of symptoms, from being asymptomatic to reduced heart function, valvular abnormalities, embolization, or death. Enterococci are usually present as normal gut flora but can also cause bacteremia, urinary tract infections, or IE, especially in the elderly population. The source of enterococcal spread in most of the cases is unidentifiable and sometimes associated with the genitourinary tract or damage to the gut mucosa due to trauma, malignancy, and infection, among others. Very few cases have been reported so far on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) endocarditis and even rarer for such cases complicated by osteomyelitis. Here, we describe the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a recent history of cardiac arrest, a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement, and endotracheal tube placement. He presented with back pain and was found to have osteomyelitis on magnetic resonance imaging and aortic valve vegetations on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). His blood cultures were positive for E. faecalis. Repeat TTE showed growth in the vegetation, and the patient underwent bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement.
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