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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

522
Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
522
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

43
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
43
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

194
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
194
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

56
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models
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Suprapubic catheter encasement by bladder stone.

Natalie Sullivan1, Rashed AlRemeithi1, Ali Pourmand1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|March 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Suprapubic catheter failure can occur due to bladder calculi, leading to acute urinary retention. Prompt evaluation is crucial for patients with chronic catheters experiencing dysfunction.

Keywords:
Bladder stoneCatheterEmergency departmentSuprapubic

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Suprapubic catheterization is a common procedure for urinary drainage.
  • Complications like acute urinary retention and infections are frequent, particularly in patients with chronic indwelling catheters.
  • Inadequate follow-up care increases the risk of serious complications.

Observation:

  • A case of suprapubic catheter failure was observed.
  • The failure was attributed to complete circumferential encrustation of the distal catheter tip by a bladder calculus.
  • This encrustation led to significant catheter dysfunction.

Findings:

  • Bladder calculi can cause severe suprapubic catheter encrustation and failure.
  • Complete encrustation necessitates prompt intervention and catheter replacement.
  • The calculus formation highlights risks associated with long-term catheter use.

Implications:

  • Thorough evaluation of catheter dysfunction is essential, including imaging to rule out calculi.
  • Patients with chronic indwelling catheters require vigilant monitoring and appropriate follow-up care.
  • Considering bladder calculi in at-risk patients can prevent severe complications and improve patient outcomes.