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How acute affect dynamics impact longitudinal changes in physical activity among children.

Genevieve F Dunton1, Wei-Lin Wang2, Stephen S Intille3

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Physical Activity Research

Background:

  • Childhood to adolescence is a critical period for physical activity (PA) changes.
  • Understanding factors influencing PA during this transition is crucial for public health.
  • Acute affect dynamics, like emotional stability, may impact PA levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between acute affect dynamics and changes in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
  • To examine how affect stability and context-dependency predict MVPA trajectories during the childhood-to-adolescence transition.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study with 151 children (ages 8-12 at baseline) over three years.
  • Ecological momentary assessment and accelerometry used across six semi-annual data collection bursts.
  • Two-stage mixed-effects multiple location-scale models analyzed positive affect's impact on MVPA.

Main Results:

  • Greater within-child variability in positive affect predicted larger multi-year declines in MVPA.
  • Children experiencing more positive affect when alone did not show steeper PA declines.
  • Individual differences in affect dynamics are linked to physical activity trajectories.

Conclusions:

  • Affective instability, not just average affect, significantly influences children's physical activity.
  • Interventions targeting within-day emotional fluctuations may help sustain PA in transitioning youth.
  • Identifying "acute dynamic process phenotypes" can inform tailored PA interventions.