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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Technological advancements in bio-recognition using liquid crystals: Techniques, applications, and performance.

Rajesh1,2, Lokesh K Gangwar1,2, Sujeet K Mishra3

  • 1CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.

Luminescence : the Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence
|March 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Liquid crystal (LC) materials are revolutionizing biosensing. Researchers are leveraging LC molecules

Keywords:
DNAbiosensorliquid crystalsproteinsthermotropic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Liquid crystals (LCs) traditionally used in displays are now emerging as advanced materials for biosensing.
  • LCs offer label-free optical detection capabilities for biological and chemical analytes.
  • The orientation of LC molecules changes upon interaction with external stimuli or specific analytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of LC-based biosensors for optical, electro-optical, and electrochemical detection.
  • To categorize LC biosensors based on biomolecular reaction mechanisms and LC interfaces.
  • To highlight recent advancements in LC biosensor design for detecting diverse analytes.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of LC biosensors by biomolecular reaction mechanisms (enzymatic, nucleotide, immunoreaction).
  • Classification based on operating principles at different LC interfaces (LC-solid, LC-aqueous, LC-droplets).
  • Delineation of LC applications in detecting proteins, viruses, bacteria, clinical compounds, heavy metals, and pollutants.

Main Results:

  • LC biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity due to the orientational changes of LC molecules.
  • Various LC-based platforms have been developed for detecting a wide range of bio- and chemical analytes.
  • The review details experimental setups, sensitivity, specificity, LOD, and linear ranges of different LC biosensor designs.

Conclusions:

  • LC materials are highly effective label-free sensing elements for advanced biosensor development.
  • LC biosensors offer a versatile platform with tunable interfaces for diverse analytical applications.
  • Continued research in LC biosensor design promises enhanced sensitivity and specificity for various detection needs.