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Multistimuli-Responsive Squaraine Dyad Exhibiting Concentration-Controlled Vapochromic Luminescence.

Shuaijun Yang¹, Shaoxin Zhou¹, Hui Li¹

¹Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 336 Nanxinzhuang West Road, 250022 Jinan, P.R. China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|March 29, 2022

Summary

This study introduces a novel squaraine dyad (SQ-d) material that changes its luminescence color in response to stimuli like solvent vapor. This controllable luminescence has potential for advanced sensing and data security applications.

Keywords:

crystallization-induced emission enhancement multistimuli responsive materials polymorphic luminescence squaraine vapochromism

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Area of Science:

Organic materials science
Supramolecular chemistry
Photophysics

Background:

Stimuli-responsive organic materials with tunable luminescence are crucial for sensing, data security, and displays.
Controllable luminescence in organic materials enables advanced technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and synthesize a multistimuli-responsive squaraine dyad (SQ-d) with polymorphic luminescence.
To investigate the concentration-controlled vapochromic behavior of SQ-d.
To explore the potential applications of SQ-d in information encryption and vapor sensing.

Main Methods:

Rational design and synthesis of a squaraine dyad (SQ-d) featuring two squaraine moieties and an ethylene linker.
Investigation of luminescence switching triggered by solvent vapor, heat, and shear force.
Analysis of single-crystal structures and photophysical properties to elucidate emission mechanisms.

Main Results:

The synthesized SQ-d exhibited reversible luminescence switching in response to multiple stimuli.
A novel concentration-controlled vapochromic behavior was observed, with distinct green and yellow emissions induced by varying chloroform vapor concentrations.
Two distinct crystallization-induced emission enhancement processes were identified as the origin of the observed vapochromism.
The green and yellow emissions were attributed to zigzag and H-type π-π stacking modes, respectively.

Conclusions:

The study presents the first report on vapor concentration-dependent phase transitions in organic vapochromic luminophores.
The developed SQ-d material demonstrates significant potential for creating prototypes for information encryption and vapor sensing.
The findings highlight the importance of molecular design in achieving controllable luminescence and stimuli-responsive behavior in organic materials.